4c Optics and Photonics

The realisation of VW hinges on the advancement of optics and photonics technologies. As an enabler of fast data transmission, high-resolution display systems, and advanced sensing capabilities, photonics plays an important role in shaping the performance, scalability, and user experience of VW.

Photonics underpins the optical communication infrastructure that supports the large bandwidth and ultra-low latency requirements of VW applications. This includes the deployment of high-capacity fibre optic networks, integrated photonic circuits, and optical interconnects to facilitate data exchange between edge, cloud, and high-performance computing (HPC) environments. These technologies enable real-time responsiveness, synchronisation, and scalability. In addition, optics and photonics serve next generation display and imaging systems for immersive experiences. Innovations in micro-LEDs, holographic displays, and light field technologies are required for visual interfaces, while optical sensors and LiDAR systems enhance spatial awareness, gesture recognition, and environmental interaction within VW. Photonics also contributes to energy efficiency and sustainability by reducing power consumption of data centres and communication networks through optical switching and signal processing. This aligns with broader goals of environmental responsibility and long-term viability of digital infrastructures.

While photonics is out of scope of this SRIA, its strategic importance as an enabling technology necessitates close coordination with the Photonics21 Association and Photonics partnership, as stated in the position paper, jointly published by Photonics21 and the VR/AR Industrial Coalition in January 2024: “Optics and Photonics Technologies Serving Virtual Worlds”.